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Annabell's mission · HTL Villach → space

Space jobs: 8 IT careers, with or without a degree

Software flies on every rocket, satellite and space probe. Here you find 8 careers and the routes in. ESA requires a master's degree for its entry programmes1,2. 5 other routes start right after an Austrian technical school (HTL). Plus 31 addresses from Villach to Darmstadt and 11 missions where code made the difference.

163 linked sources Openly licensed images Austria is an ESA member

Free, no sign-up, every number linked to its source.

01 · Situation report

6 numbers that show how much software is in space

ESA member states23

Austria has been a full member since 19873,4. For jobs, your citizenship counts1.

Entry places per year100

Around this many Graduate Trainee opportunities ESA publishes every year1.

Objects being tracked47,070

This many objects in Earth orbit are regularly tracked by surveillance networks, as of 31 July 20265.

Terabytes per day16

This much data the EU's Copernicus satellites send to Earth every day6.

Billion sky sources2.8

Gaia's DR4 catalogue comes out on 2 December 2026, around 400 terabytes in size7,8.

Flights instead of 5 planned72

The Mars helicopter Ingenuity flew for almost 3 years, running open-source software9,10.

02 · Apply

Applying: all the tools in one place

69 employers

Jobs with pay and contacts

140 routes from Villach to California, filterable by timing, country and visa.

To the table

CV

3 designs as PDF

International without a photo, Austria with a photo or Europass for ESA. Your data stays in the browser.

Create your CV

Application

Subject, email, cover letter

For a compulsory internship, speculative application or scholarship, plus all deadlines for 2026/27.

Write a cover letter

03 · Fields

8 fields where your code carries the mission

Tap a field to see what is researched there, who works there and which job profile fits. All fields follow the same European standard for space software, ECSS-E-ST-40C; the latest revision has applied since 30 April 202511.

Field

Flight software: the nervous system of a spacecraft

Flight software controls propulsion, life support and data flow directly on board. It has to run under radiation and without a restart. The DLR Institute of Software Technology describes its aim as real-time software that is reliable and highly resilient12.

An example from Vienna: TTTech supplies the TTEthernet network technology for NASA's Orion spacecraft. It connects all control and life-support systems, and TTTech has worked on Orion's avionics since 200613.

  • Research: networks that are guaranteed to deliver on time, and fault-tolerant clocks.
  • End product: on-board electronics that take people to the Moon and back.

Field

Mission operations: keeping satellites safe every day

At the ESOC control centre in Darmstadt, the flight control team plans a satellite's observations every day. It balances power, storage, fuel and the times when a ground station has contact14.

If the satellite raises an alarm, the controllers act at once, following procedures rehearsed in simulators before launch14.

  • Research: automation, anomaly detection, secure commanding.
  • End product: a mission that delivers data for years.

Field

Flight dynamics: orbits accurate to less than 1 kilometre

Flight dynamics teams determine trajectories, plan manoeuvres and compute the attitude of spacecraft, for every ESA mission15. Using 2 ground stations at once, they locate a probe 150 million kilometres away to within less than 1 kilometre15.

The software is called GODOT. It is a software library, more like TensorFlow than a finished program, and free to use for companies and universities in ESA member states16.

Field

Rocket guidance: maths in fractions of a second

When a Falcon 9 stage lands, its computer must find a new trajectory that ends exactly on the landing site. SpaceX solves this with optimisation directly on board, generated with the tool CVXGEN17.

On 5 September 2026, Isar Aerospace became the first commercial space company from Europe to put satellites into orbit18. After its first test flight in 2025, the company adjusted its software, among other things19.

Field

AI and Earth observation: analysing images before they reach Earth

In 2020, Φ-sat-1 was the first experiment in which a neural network on board a satellite detected clouds in images20,21. Only usable images are sent down to Earth22.

ESA's Φ-lab in Frascati near Rome drives AI for Earth observation, with around 40 people from 12 nations23. In Villach, Silicon Austria Labs researches AI sensing for rocket engines24.

Field

Science data: raw data becomes a map of the universe

The Euclid space telescope sends around 100 gigabytes a day. In just 1 week of observations it found 26 million galaxies25. An AI model called Zoobot, trained by 9,976 volunteers, sorted over 380,000 galaxies by shape25.

The catalogues of such missions are produced, among other places, at ESA's ESAC centre near Madrid, which runs the science archives26.

Field

Instruments and on-board computers: sensors from Graz fly to Jupiter

The Space Research Institute (IWF) in Graz builds magnetometers and on-board computers for space missions27. Around 100 people from 20 nations work there, on more than 20 international missions28.

Together with TU Graz, the IWF built the quantum sensor MAGSCA for the Jupiter probe JUICE. It started working successfully 4 weeks after launch on 14 April 202329.

Field

Space debris: 1.5 million pieces between 1 and 10 centimetres

ESA's Space Debris Office in Darmstadt predicts collisions, recommends avoidance manoeuvres and computes where old satellites will re-enter30. Statistical models estimate 1.5 million debris pieces between 1 and 10 centimetres5.

In 2025 there were over 300 launches with over 4,000 new payloads31. For risk assessment, ESA also tests machine learning, for example with the open Python library Kessler32.

04 · Trajectory

From school to ESA: 8 stages up to a leadership role

Scroll down the ladder: the rocket shows where you are. ESA grades new staff by years of work experience after the master's degree33. If you love research, you can add a PhD co-funded by ESA after your master's2.

  1. Now

    HTL Villach, computer science

    After the final exams and 3 years of professional practice, Austrian HTL graduates can apply for the title “Ingenieurin”34. Already possible now: 4 space projects for students.

  2. Branches without a degree

    5 routes straight after school

    Tap a branch: the details are below the ladder.

  3. Study 1

    Bachelor in computer science, robotics or systems engineering

    In Carinthia, for example, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence at the University of Klagenfurt: 6 semesters, taught in English35.

  4. Study 2

    Master's with a space focus

    For example Space Sciences and Earth from Space in Graz, 4 semesters, 120 ECTS36. During your master's you can do a 3 to 6-month internship at ESA37.

  5. Entry A

    ESA Graduate Trainee

    1 year, extendable by 1 year. Opportunities are published in February and March, start in September or October1.

  6. Entry B

    ESA Junior Professional, grade A1

    4 years with the prospect of a permanent post. Up to 3 years of experience, around 15 places per year38.

  7. Grade A2

    Experienced professional

    4 to 14 years of experience after the master's33.

  8. Grade A3

    Expert

    15 or more years of experience after the master's33.

  9. Grade A4

    Senior position

    Senior or managerial roles, often advertised at grade A4 only33.

What ESA pays net: €4,978 to €9,117 a month

Net monthly salary in Germany (for example at the Darmstadt control centre), first step of each grade, 2026. ESA pays 12 salaries a year, exempt from national income tax in member states; allowances may be added33.

As a table with 3 countries
ESA net salary per month, first step, 2026
GradeGermanyNetherlandsItaly
A1€4,977.50€4,961.50€3,925.39
A2€6,358.49€6,338.97€5,016.27
A3€7,846.35€7,820.28€6,188.95
A4€9,116.67€9,089.28€7,192.74

Germany = ESOC Darmstadt, Netherlands = ESTEC Noordwijk, Italy = ESRIN Frascati26. Austria does not currently take part in the National Graduate Trainee programme39.

Klagenfurt

University of Klagenfurt

Bachelor Robotics and AI, 180 ECTS. The university runs Europe's largest indoor drone flight hall35. An algorithm from Klagenfurt is part of the Mars helicopter's navigation story40.

Villach

CU Hochschule Kärnten

Formerly FH Kärnten. Bachelor Systems Engineering at the Villach campus, 6 semesters; the Green Mechatronics branch combines mechanics, electronics and software41.

Graz

TU Graz and University of Graz

Master Space Sciences and Earth from Space. The TU bachelor “Information and Computer Engineering” gives direct admission36.

Wiener Neustadt

FH Wiener Neustadt

Master Aerospace Engineering, 120 ECTS, in English. Requirement: at least 30 ECTS in core engineering subjects42.

Without a degree: 5 branches into the space sector

A degree is the classic route to ESA, but not the only one. These 5 branches start right after school. Each is backed by a job ad, a law or a programme.

Branch 1 · Austria

Straight into the space industry

Peak Technology in Holzhausen, Upper Austria, is hiring a product engineer for rocket structures and pressure vessels. It asks for an HTL, university of applied sciences or university background and pays €40,000 to €60,000 a year43.

How it works
  1. Search karriere.at under “Raumfahrt”: on 29 Sep 2026 it listed more than 60 offers44.
  2. Look for “HTL” or “technical education” in the ad.
  3. Attach your diploma thesis as proof, ideally related to space or lightweight construction.
Branch 2 · after 3 years of practice

Ingenieurin: the same level as a bachelor's

After the HTL final exams and 3 years of professional practice, you can apply for the title “Ingenieurin”34. It sits at level 6 of the Austrian qualifications framework45, equivalent in level to a bachelor's, though not the same kind of degree46.

How it works
  1. Procedure: a professional interview with experts at a certification body in your federal state45.
  2. Benefit: your level becomes visible in the European framework, also to employers abroad46.
  3. Limit: you do not receive a bachelor's title or automatic access to a master's46.
Branch 3 · international

Work experience instead of a degree

At SpaceX, SpaceXAI and Cursor, 432 of 546 software ads do not require a degree. Often 2 years of work experience are enough instead47,48,49.

How it works
  1. After school, work 2 years as a software developer, ideally with C++, Rust or Python.
  2. In London and Dublin, 7 of 10 software roles name no degree at all48,49.
  3. US export rules apply to rocket jobs in the US50. More on the SpaceX page.
Branch 4 · ESA

ESA roles in technical support

Most ESA roles at grade A ask for a master's. Grade G covers secretarial, administrative and technical support and has different academic requirements51.

How it works
  1. Such roles are rare: on 29 Sep 2026 no role was open under “Technician”52.
  2. Set up a job alert on jobs.esa.int to get every new ad by email52.
  3. The exact requirements are stated in each ad51.
Branch 5 · right now

Build proof: hackathon and ground station

At the NASA Space Apps Challenge on 14 and 15 November 2026, teams of up to 6 people tackle one of 14 challenges. Everyone who submits a project receives a participant certificate53.

How it works
  1. Register at spaceappschallenge.org and form or join a team53.
  2. Your own ground station: with a Raspberry Pi, an RTL-SDR receiver and an antenna you receive satellites in the open SatNOGS network54.
  3. Both go into your application: as a project with a result.

The branches can merge again later: for some bachelor's programmes, HTL graduates can start in the 2nd or 3rd semester, for example at UAS Technikum Wien46.

05 · Countdown

4 ways to write space code while still at school

You do not have to wait for university. In 3 of these projects, your program or your measuring device really runs in space or high in the sky.

Astro Pi computers on the ISSImage: NASA/ESA · public domain
Register by 22 Feb 2027

Astro Pi: Python on the ISS

In “Mission Space Lab”, your team writes a Python program that collects data on the space station's Raspberry Pi computers. Open to everyone up to 19 in ESA states55.

ESA call ↗
Final 31 Mar – 2 Apr 2027

CanSat: a satellite the size of a can

A rocket lifts it to at least 700 metres; while falling it measures temperature and air pressure. From age 14, teams of 3 to 6. The winning team goes to ESA in Noordwijk56,26.

CanSat Austria ↗
In orbit since 5 Sep 2026

STS1: a satellite for school classes

The TU Wien Space Team built a satellite on which school teams run their own Python experiments. 5 HTLs take part, 2 diploma theses are already finished57. It flew to space with Isar Aerospace58,18.

STS1 at TU Wien Space Team ↗
From university on

Internships and ESA Academy

Beyond Gravity Austria offers summer internships from June to September, with applications usually in December and January59. ESA Academy offers students training with ESA experts60.

ESA Academy ↗

06 · Job profiles

8 job profiles: what you build and what finally flies

Hover over an image to enlarge it, or tap it. Each profile explains the research, the end product, the tasks and your way in.

07 · Star map of employers

31 employers, labs and universities from Villach to Darmstadt

Tap a dot: the panel shows what happens there with software. The filters show or hide groups. All entries are also listed below.

-10°-5°0°5°10°15°20°40° N45° N50° N55° NAustria: map belowParisNoordwijkDarmstadtFrascatiMadridCologneHarwellReduBraunschweigBremenMunich
13°14°15°16°17°47° N48° N49° NVillachKlagenfurtGrazViennaWr. Neustadt

Schematic map without borders: dots placed by longitude and latitude. Dots in the same city are slightly offset.

Tip

Choose a dot on the map

Austria's space association Austrospace has more than 30 members61. In Carinthia you find the University of Klagenfurt, the CU Hochschule Kärnten and Silicon Austria Labs.

Austria: 15 addresses
ESA sites: 9 addresses
  • Agency · Paris

    ESA Headquarters

    Office of the Director General; decisions on ESA's activities are made here26.

    Paris, France

  • Agency · Noordwijk

    ESA ESTEC

    ESA's largest site: test centre and technical management of space projects26.

    Noordwijk, Netherlands

    Jobs, pay, contacts – ESA ESTEC
  • Agency · Darmstadt

    ESA ESOC

    Control centre for satellites in orbit26. Flight dynamics and the Space Debris Office also work here15,30.

    Darmstadt, Germany

    Jobs, pay, contacts – ESA ESOC
  • Agency · Frascati

    ESA ESRIN and Φ-lab

    Earth observation archives and more than 20 ground stations26. The Φ-lab researches AI for Earth observation23.

    Frascati near Rome, Italy

    Jobs, pay, contacts – ESA ESRIN and Φ-lab
  • Agency · near Madrid

    ESA ESAC

    Science operations centres and archives for astronomy and planetary missions26.

    Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain

    Jobs, pay, contacts – ESA ESAC
  • Agency · Cologne

    European Astronaut Centre EAC

    Training facility and home base of all European astronauts26.

    Cologne, Germany

    Jobs, pay, contacts – ESA Astronautenzentrum EAC
  • Agency · Harwell

    ESA ECSAT

    Telecommunications, applications, climate change, technology and science26.

    Harwell, United Kingdom

    Jobs, pay, contacts – ESA ECSAT
  • Agency · Redu

    ESA ESEC

    Space cybersecurity, control of the Proba satellites and a space weather data centre26.

    Redu, Belgium

    Jobs, pay, contacts – ESA ESEC
  • Agency · French Guiana

    Europe's Spaceport

    96,000 hectares near the equator, from where Europe's rockets launch26.

Europe: 5 more addresses
  • Agency · Darmstadt

    EUMETSAT

    Operates Europe's weather satellites; 30 member states, including Austria67.

    Darmstadt, Germany

    Jobs, pay, contacts – EUMETSAT
  • Research · 7 sites

    DLR Institute of Software Technology

    Departments for flight software, intelligent and distributed systems, digital twins and high-performance computing12.

    including Cologne, Braunschweig, Oberpfaffenhofen, Berlin, Bremen

    Jobs, pay, contacts – DLR Institute of Software Technology
  • Company · Bremen

    OHB

    On the Hera avionics bench at OHB, the most complex navigation test ever performed for an ESA spacecraft took place68.

    Bremen, Germany

    Jobs, pay, contacts – OHB
  • Company · near Munich

    Isar Aerospace

    More than 400 employees at 5 locations. On 5 September 2026 its Spectrum rocket became the first from a commercial European company to put satellites into orbit18.

    near Munich, Germany

    Jobs, pay, contacts – Isar Aerospace
  • Company · Spain and Romania

    GMV

    A GMV team developed the autonomous navigation of the asteroid probe Hera69.

    Jobs, pay, contacts – GMV
Worldwide: 2 examples

08 · Top missions

11 missions where software made the difference

Open a mission to see what happened, which software was behind it and what you can take away. Images enlarge when you hover or tap.

Launch of Artemis II
April 2026 · NASA, ESA

Artemis II: 4 people fly around the Moon

Record: farther from Earth than any human before.

On 1 April 2026, Artemis II launched with Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen. On 6 April 2026 the crew flew around the Moon, and on 10 April 2026 it splashed down in the Pacific70. The mission lasted 9 days, 1 hour and 32 minutes71.

At the farthest point the 4 were 252,756 miles (about 406,770 kilometres) from Earth, a new record for humans70.

Software from Austria

Inside the Orion spacecraft, TTEthernet by TTTech from Vienna connects all control and life-support systems, like a nervous system13.

Launch of Artemis II, 1 April 2026Image: NASA HQ Photo · public domain
Orion and the European Service Module on the Artemis I test flight (2022)Image: NASA · public domain
Cosmic Cliffs in the Carina Nebula
since 2021 · NASA, ESA, CSA

James Webb Space Telescope: JavaScript in space

The largest space telescope runs its observations with scripts.

Webb does not work through a rigid list of commands. On-board scripts written in JavaScript build the commands themselves and check the telemetry to see whether each command has been completed72.

This lets the telescope react when an observation takes longer than planned, without waiting for the ground station72.

Your takeaway

A language you know from web development runs one of the most expensive instruments humanity has built.

“Cosmic Cliffs” in the Carina Nebula, imaged by WebbImage: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI · public domain
Ariane 5 with Webb on board, December 2021Image: NASA/Bill Ingalls · public domain
Mars helicopter Ingenuity
2021–2024 · NASA JPL

Ingenuity: 72 flights on Mars instead of 5

A phone chip, open software and an algorithm from Klagenfurt.

The plan was no more than 5 test flights in 30 days. Ingenuity flew 72 times, from 19 April 2021 to 18 January 2024: 128.8 minutes and 17 kilometres9.

On board ran JPL's open flight software F Prime10, and the computing was done by a Snapdragon 801 chip from the phone world73.

A trail to Carinthia

Stephan Weiss, professor at the University of Klagenfurt since 2015, developed an algorithm that lets a camera and a motion sensor navigate without GPS. It was intended for the Mars helicopter40.

Ingenuity, photographed by the Perseverance roverImage: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS · public domain
Hera spacecraft at the asteroid
Arrival November 2026 · ESA

Hera: a spacecraft that drives itself

It recognises boulders and craters to find its way.

Hera launched on 7 October 2024 and reaches the binary asteroid Didymos in November 2026, 1 month earlier than planned68.

Its navigation tracks boulders and craters in successive images and derives its own altitude and trajectory. It was developed by a GMV team in Spain and Romania and tested during the Mars flyby on 12 March 202569.

Arrival November 2026

That was ESA's plan as of October 202568. ESA's ESOC control centre in Darmstadt flies the mission15.

Hera at the asteroid Didymos (illustration)Image: ESA – Science Office · CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Gaia sky map
2013–2025 · ESA

Gaia: 3 trillion measurements of 2 billion stars

The next catalogue comes out on 2 December 2026.

Gaia collected more than 3 trillion observations of about 2 billion stars and other objects. Science observations ended on 15 January 2025, and the spacecraft was switched off on 27 March 202574.

The DR4 catalogue contains about 2.8 billion sources from 66 months of data and roughly 400 terabytes7. It is released on 2 December 20268.

Software point

The spacecraft is switched off, but the work goes on: software keeps turning raw data into new catalogues for years.

The Milky Way from Gaia dataImage: ESA/Gaia/DPAC · CC BY 4.0
The Gaia spacecraft (illustration)Image: ESA/ATG medialab; ESO/S. Brunier · CC BY 4.0
Galaxies in the Perseus cluster
since 2023 · ESA

Euclid: AI sorts 380,000 galaxies

26 million galaxies in 1 week of observations.

In 1 week, Euclid found 26 million galaxies. The AI model Zoobot, trained by 9,976 volunteers, sorted more than 380,000 of them by shape; AI and people together found 500 candidates for strong gravitational lenses25.

Euclid sends around 100 gigabytes a day and will image more than 1.5 billion galaxies over 6 years. The major data release is planned for October 202625.

Your takeaway

Behind Euclid are more than 2,000 scientists from 300 institutes25. Many of them write code every day.

Galaxies in the Perseus cluster, imaged by EuclidImage: ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay) · CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
2020 · ESA

Φ-sat-1: the first AI on board an Earth observer

Detecting clouds before data goes to Earth.

Φ-sat-1 launched on a Vega rocket on 3 September 2020. It was the first experiment in which a neural network on board analyses images: it computes which parts of an image are covered by clouds20,21.

That way the satellite, about the size of a shoebox, sends only usable images to Earth22.

Diagram on the right

The animation shows the principle: detect clouds, mark them, remove them. The satellite image shows Lake Wörthersee; the clouds are drawn.

Satellite image of Lake Wörthersee with drawn clouds as a diagramDiagram: cloud mask
OPS-SAT in the lab
2019–2024 · ESA

OPS-SAT: 284 experiments on a flying laboratory

The first satellite open to use by the public.

OPS-SAT flew from 18 December 2019 to May 2024. 134 teams from 26 countries ran more than 284 experiments, including AI on board75.

Firsts: the first satellite open to use by the public, and the first demonstrated cyber attack in orbit. Some of its software is now used by much larger missions75.

Award

In 2023 the team shared a SpaceOps award with the team of the Mars helicopter Ingenuity75.

OPS-SAT in the labImage: ESA · CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Launch and landing of a Falcon 9
since 2015 · SpaceX

Falcon 9: maths in fractions of a second lands a rocket

Optimisation on board instead of a fixed trajectory.

A landing first stage must find a trajectory that ends at rest and upright on the target, without exceeding what the hardware can do17.

SpaceX uses the tool CVXGEN: it generates custom flight code that solves this optimisation very quickly on board17.

Diagram on the right

The dashed line is the planned path. Highly simplified, not to scale.

Landing site
Diagram: own drawing
Launch and landing of a Falcon 9 as a light trailImage: SpaceX · CC0
1996 · ESA, CNES

Ariane 501: 1 number conversion, 37 seconds of flight

The most famous software failure in spaceflight.

On 4 June 1996, about 36.7 seconds after launch, both inertial reference systems of the new Ariane 5 stopped working; shortly afterwards the rocket broke up76.

The cause: in Ada code, a 64-bit floating-point number was converted to a 16-bit integer. The value was too large because Ariane 5 builds up horizontal speed faster than Ariane 4. The function came from Ariane 4 and served no purpose after lift-off76.

Your takeaway

The inquiry board recommended, among other things, deliberately overlapping tests at equipment, stage and system level77.

-- simplified example, not the original code
declare
   BH     : Long_Float := 50_000.0;  -- 64 bit
   BH_int : Integer_16;              -- max. 32,767
begin
   BH_int := Integer_16 (BH);       -- Operand Error!
end;
Super Heavy booster just before being caught at the launch tower
since 2002 · SpaceX

SpaceX: 14 Starship flights, AI and 3,016 job openings

New: its own page with history, sites and matching jobs.

On 28 September 2026 Starship reached orbit for the first time on its 14th test flight and deployed 26 Starlink satellites78. Since February 2026 the Grok AI has also been part of SpaceX79,80.

Together with SpaceXAI and Cursor, SpaceX advertises 3,016 positions, from Texas to Dublin and London47,48,49.

What you take away

8 software jobs that match your school focus, with locations and your way there.

Starship before Flight 5, October 2024Image: Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0

09 · Questions

8 questions students ask about space software

Do I really need a master's degree for ESA?

For the entry programmes, yes: Graduate Trainee, National Graduate Trainee and Junior Professional all require a master's2. Internships are possible during your studies, ideally in the final or second-to-last year of a master's37.

Can I work at ESA as an Austrian?

Yes. Austria has been a full ESA member since 19874. For the programmes, citizenship of a member state is what counts1.

What does ESA pay at the start?

At grade A1 in Germany €4,977.50 net per month, 12 times a year, as of 2026. The salary is exempt from national income tax in member states; allowances may be added33.

Which programming languages will I meet?

You meet Python in school experiments on STS1 and the ISS57,55 and in the space debris library Kessler32. JavaScript runs scripts on board Webb72, and the Ariane 5 code of 1996 was written in Ada76.

What can I do while still at school?

Until 22 February 2027 you can register for Astro Pi; your Python program then runs on the ISS55. There is also the CanSat competition56 and diploma theses around the school satellite STS157.

Is there space work in Carinthia?

Yes. Silicon Austria Labs in Villach researches AI sensing for rocket engines24. The University of Klagenfurt teaches robotics and AI35, and the CU Hochschule Kärnten in Villach teaches systems engineering41.

What role does artificial intelligence play?

A growing one: in 2020 Φ-sat-1 was the first to detect clouds with AI on board20. Euclid sorts galaxies with the AI model Zoobot25, and ESA's Φ-lab researches AI for Earth observation23.

Where are ESA's centres?

In Paris, Noordwijk, Darmstadt, Frascati, near Madrid, in Cologne, Harwell and Redu, plus the spaceport in French Guiana26.

163 sources behind every number

Every small number leads to its source with publisher, date and link. Company statements about themselves are marked. As of 27 September 2026.

AI-ASSISTED AI-assisted – please verify important details.
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